PICTURES OF THE BIBLE  © Serge Ceruti and Gérard  Dufour 2008

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Entombment; Juan de JUNI; 1554; polychrome wood; National Museum of Religious Carvings, Valladolid, Spain

Web Gallery of Art

 

 

The Entombment

 

 TO UNDERSTAND THE SCENE

 

WHAT CAN BE SEEN I THIS PICTURE 

The corpse of Jesus is laid down by women and men into his tomb.

The tomb is represented as an open sarcophagus, contrary to the texts which mentions a vault dug out in the rock. The body, wrapped in a white shroud, is put into the sarcophagus or placed on a sort of slab that is the lid.

6 persons are around dead Christ and take part to the entombment.

The Virgin Mary is in tears; the apostle John supports her

On the left, a woman holds the crown of thorns while, on the right, Mary Magdalene carries a vase.

Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus lay down the corpse in its shroud; Joseph holds it on the side of his head and Nicodemus on the side of his feet. This position can be explained by their relative social importance; the former is a prominent member of the Sanhedrin Council who has donated the tomb, the latter is but a petty member who has brought some unguents.

 

... AND IN OTHER IMAGES 

The group of women is often better structured:

Mary, the mother of Jesus, presides over the scene; she is placed in the centre or else close to Jesus’ head; her suffering has grown over the centuries and sometimes becomes theatrical.

            Two other women mentioned in the Gospels bring some perfumes for the embalment; they are Salome, Zebedee’s wife and the mother of the apostles James the Major and John, and Mary, the mother of James the Minor. They are the women that the legend had made into the Virgin Mary’s half-sisters.

Mary Magdalene cries while holding a vase of perfume; she is in the centre if the Virgin is placed close to Jesus’ head, or she is at his feet if the Virgin is in the centre of the scene.

The entombment is often composed with several characters carved life-size; which creates a sort of stage performance.

 

SIMILAR  SCENES  

 

 

The Deposition; Rogier van der Weyden; c. 1490; oil and gold leaf on panel; J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles.

Paul Getty trust

 

The deposition corresponds to the descent of Jesus’ body from the cross but the positions of the body and of the characters are those of the entombment.

 

Pietà; MICHELANGELO Buonarroti; 1499; marble; Basilica San Pietro, Vatican

Web Gallery of Art

 

The body of Jesus can be placed on his mother’s knees. She is alone or simply surrounded by John and Mary Magdalene. She is called the Virgin of Pity or Pietà. This tragic and particularly moving scene is probably derived from the Virgin and Child, for Jesus dead is sometimes the size of a child and his mother seems to rock him.

 

 

THE BIBLICAL NARRATIVE

 

Entombment; Juan de JUNI; 1554; polychrome wood; National Museum of Religious Carvings, Valladolid, Spain

Web Gallery of Art

 

The Entombment

The Gospel according to Matthew, chapter 27

When the even had come, there came a rich man of Arimathaea, named Joseph, who himself was also Jesus' disciple: He went to Pilate and begged the body of Jesus. Then Pilate commanded the body to be delivered. And when Joseph had taken the body, he wrapped it in a clean linen cloth, And laid it in his own new tomb, which he had hewn out in the rock: and he rolled a great stone to the door of the sepulchre, and departed. And there was Mary Magdalene, and the other Mary, sitting opposite the sepulchre. (Matthew 27:57-61)

The Gospel according to John adds in chapter 19

And there came also Nicodemus, who at first came to Jesus by night, and brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds. (John 19:39)

 

Comment

 

The scene of the burial of Jesus’ body is particularly important for two reasons. It is the death of a real man and not a divine spirit taking a human appearance, and the representation of the entombment precedes the scene of the empty tomb, the sign of the Resurrection.

 

 

SIMILAR PICTURES

The Entombment

 

 

 

 

Entombment; Juan de JUNI; 1554; polychrome wood; National Museum of Religious Carvings, Valladolid, Spain

Web Gallery of Art

 

The body of Christ is carried

 

The Body of Christ Borne to the Tomb; William BLAKE; c. 1799-1800; tempera on canvas; Tate Collection, London.

Tate on line

 

 

Pietà; ROSSO FIORENTINO; 1537-1540, oil on panel transferred to canvas; Musée du Louvre, Paris

Web Gallery of Art

 

The body of Jesus is laid down at night

 

The Emtombment; CARAVAGGIO; 1602; oil on canvas; Pinacoteca; Vatican.

Web Gallery of Art

 

 

Christ carried to his tomb; Sisto BADALOCCHIO; after 1609, oil on copper; National Gallery, London.

 National Gallery London

 

Meditation before the body

 

Pietà; Andrea del SARTO; 1523, oil on wood; Galleria Palatina, Palazzo Pitti, Florence.

Web Gallery of Art

 

 

The Deposition of Christ; unknown master; Italian work; c. 1474; painted wood; Museo Civico, Novara.

Web Gallery of Art

 

Two different conceptions of the tomb: the dug-out vault and the sarcophagus; only the former corresponds to the text.

 

The Entombment; Rogier van der WEYDEN; 1450, oil on wood; Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.

Web Gallery of Art

 

 

The Deposition; Peter Paul RUBENS; 1642; oil on canvas; Galleria Borghese, Rome

Web Gallery of Art

 

The deposition on the gravestone.

In the Renaissance, some entombments were represented with the corpse of Jesus placed on a slab of stone; he is alone or with Mary. The work sometimes takes the form of a lesson of anatomy.

 

The Lament on dead Christ; Andrea MANTEGNA; c. 1490; tempera on canvas; Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan.

Web Gallery of Art

 

 

Pietà; Paolo VERONESE; 1576-82; oil on canvas; the Hermitage Museum; St Petersburg.

Web Gallery of Art

 

Pietà is the name given to the group formed by Mary bearing the body of her son. On the right, the movement is obviously inspired by the Virgin and Child.

 

The Pietà of Villeneuve-lès-Avignon; Enguerrand QUARTON; 1456-57; panel; Musée du Louvre, Paris.

CGFA - A Virtual Art Museum

 

 

Pietà; TURA Cosmè; 1460; oil on panel; Museo Correr; Venice.

Web Gallery of Art

 

The same movement and the same feeling.

 

Pietà; Eugène DELACROIX; c. 1850; oil on canvas; Nasjonalgalleriet; Oslo, Norway.

Olga's Gallery - Online Art Museum

 

 

Pietà; Artus QUELLIN; 1660; polychrome wood; De Onze-Lieve Vrouwekathedraal, Antwerp.

Web Gallery of Art

 

The body of Jesus is raised in the expectation of the resurrection.

To Mary and John whose presence is traditional, Malouel adds God the Father and the dove of the Holy Spirit, thus turning the Pietà into a Trinity.

 

Large Round Pietà; Jean MALOUEL; 1400-10; wood; Musée du Louvre, Paris.

Web Gallery of Art

 

 

Christ supported by the Madonna and St John; Giovanni BELLINI; 1460; tempera on panel,; Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan.

Web Gallery of Art

 

 

 

FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS

 

Entombment; Juan de JUNI; 1554; polychrome wood; National Museum of Religious Carvings, Valladolid, Spain

Web Gallery of Art

 

The Entombment

The burying of the dead is one practice that has nothing specifically Christian but Christianity has given to it a new dimension as the expectation of the resurrection.

It is to be noted that the forms of burying have changed and that the dead person, at first wrapped in his shroud and laid down in a sarcophagus or placed in a niche as in the catacombs, has then been put in a closed coffin and buried in the earth.

The return of the practice of cremation has at first been considered as anti-Christian but nowadays it has no particular signification particularly in Anglo-Saxon countries.

 

 

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BIBLE PICTURES   © Serge Ceruti and Gérard  Dufour 2008